In Bangladesh, civil litigation is governed by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. The civil litigation system in Bangladesh is a three-tiered system, with civil cases heard in the District Court, the High Court Division of the Supreme Court, and the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court.
The District Court is the lowest court in the hierarchy and has jurisdiction over civil cases involving disputes up to a certain value, as determined by law. Parties may file their cases at the District Court where the defendant resides or the cause of action arose.
Appeals from the District Court are made to the High Court Division of the Supreme Court. The High Court Division has both original and appellate jurisdiction over civil cases, including those that have been decided by the District Court. The High Court Division may also issue writs to enforce fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court is the highest court in Bangladesh, and its jurisdiction extends to all civil cases decided by the High Court Division. The Appellate Division may hear appeals on questions of law, or on matters of public importance.
The civil litigation process in Bangladesh typically involves the following stages:
Filing of the case and issuance of summons
Preliminary hearing and framing of issues
Examination of witnesses and evidence
Final hearing and judgment
The civil litigation process in Bangladesh can be time-consuming and expensive. It is, therefore, important for parties to seek legal advice and guidance before initiating civil proceedings.